bipolar disorder,causes, symptoms, risk-factors

bioplar disorder INTRODUCTION

In someone with bipolar disorder feels excessively ecstatic and self-assured, they are said to be “manic.” Additionally, impatience and rash or careless decision-making are possible symptoms of these feelings. Delusions (believing things that are not true) can affect about 50% of those experiencing mania.

hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there) or delusions (believing things that aren’t true and that they can’t be talked out of).

Hypomania is a term used to describe mania with milder symptoms; the person does not have hallucinations or delusions, and their symptoms do not significantly affect their daily life.

When someone feels really

What Causes Bipolar Disorder?

Manic depression, another name for bipolar disorder, is a mental illness that causes extreme mood swings as well as changes in sleep patterns, energy levels, thoughts, and behavior.

Bipolar illness patients may experience extreme highs of happiness and vigour followed by extremely low, despairing, and drowsy moods. They normally feel normal between those times. It is dubbed “bipolar” disorder because the highs and lows can be compared to two “poles” of emotion.

When someone with bipolar disorder feels excessively ecstatic and self-assured, they are said to be “manic.” Additionally, impatience and rash or careless decision-making are possible symptoms of these feelings. Delusions (believing things that are not true) can affect about 50% of those experiencing mania.

hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there) or delusions (believing things that aren’t true and that they can’t be talked out of).

Hypomania is a term used to describe mania with milder symptoms; the person does not have hallucinations or delusions, and their symptoms do not significantly affect their daily life.

When someone feels really down or depressed, they are said to be “depressives.”

Various Bipolar Disorders: Are They Possible?

Bipolar disorder can manifest in a number different ways, including:

mania (bipolar I): You exhibit extremely erratic behaviour with this type, and your manic “up” phases typically last at least a week or are so severe that you require medical attention. Additionally, intense “down” times that last at least two weeks are typically present.

There are irregular highs and lows associated with bipolar II disorder, although they are not as severe as those associated with bipolar I.

Cyclothymic disorder: This type includes manic and depressed phases that span at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents. The symptoms aren’t as severe as they are with bipolardisorder I or II.

 The terms “unspecified” or “other specified” bipolar disorder (previously known as “bipolar disorder not otherwise specified”) are now used to refer to conditions in which a person only exhibits a small number of the mood and energy

Rapid cycling, a term used to characterise the course of illness in patients with bipolar I or II disorder, is not a specific kind of the condition. When four or more depressive episodes happen in a calendar year, it applies. This illness course can appear and disappear at any point over the course of bipolar disorder, with women having a higher prevalence than men.

cycle quicklycarries a higher risk of suicide thoughts or actions and is primarily motivated by depression.

Misuse of drugs and alcohol can result in additional episodes of bipolar disorder in any form. The “dual diagnosis” of alcohol use disorder and bipolar disorder need the assistance of a professional who can handle both problems.

 How Do Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Appear?

The intense moodswings that characterise bipolar disorder do not always occur in a predictable sequence. Prior to changing to the opposing mood, a person may experience the same mood state (such as manic or depressed) multiple times. Weeks, months, and maybe even years can pass between these episodes.

It can vary from person to person in terms of how severe it becomes, and it can also develop worse with time.

Excessive joy, optimism, and enthusiasm are signs of mania, also known as “the highs,” as are abrupt shifts from elation to irritability, hostility, and restlessness.

 Increased energy and reduced need for sleep; Rapid speaking; Poor concentration; Unusual levels of sex drive

Making big, irrational ideas, acting irresponsibly, abusing drugs and alcohol, becoming more impulsive, needing less sleep and food, having a greater sense of wellbeing and self-confidence, and being easily distracted are all signs of immaturity.

A person with bipolar illness may experience any of the following during depressive episodes (sometimes known as “the lows”):

It can vary from person to person in terms of how severe it becomes, and it can also develop worse with time.

A person with bipolar illness may experience any of the following during depressive episodes (sometimes known as “the lows”):

How Is Bipolar Disorder Caused?

Bipolar disorder has several different causes.

The causes of it in some persons are being investigated by researchers.

The fact that you have it because it runs in your family, for instance, can sometimes just be a matter of genetics. While scientists are not entirely certain how or why, the way your brain grows may also be important.

What Risk Factors Are There for Bipolar Disorder?

Usually in late adolescence or early adulthood, someone first exhibits symptoms of bipolardisorder. It may very rarely occur earlier in childhood. A family may be predisposed to bipolar disorder.

 It can happen to both men and women equally. Having four or more distinct mood episodes in a year is known as “rapid cycling,” and women are slightly more likely than men to experience it. In addition, women with bipolar disorder frequently have longer periods of depression than do males.

For women, bipolar disorder typically appears later in life, and they are more likely to have bipolar disorder II and experience seasonal mood swings.

Additionally, women are more likely than men to experience a combination of physical and mental conditions.

These medical conditions can include thyroid problems, migraines, and anxiety disorders.

You are more prone to have bipolar disorder if you have certain triggers, such as:

• utilising drugs or alcohol

• having a family member who suffers from bipolar disorder

• A few medical issues

Alcohol and other substances are frequently abused by those who have the illness while they’re manic or sad. Seasonal depression, co-occurring anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are more prevalent in those with bipolar disorder.

How is bipolar disorder identified?

Consult a psychiatrist or your general physician if you or someone you know is experiencing bipolar disorder symptoms. They will interrogate you or the individual you are worried about about any past or present mental problems, as well as any conditions that run in the family. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation will be given to the individual as well to determine whether they are likely to have bipolar disorder ora different issue with mental health.

What Medical Conditions Are Treated with Bipolar Medicine?

You can get treatment for bipolar disorder. Long-term treatment is required for this illness. There are more difficult-to-treat forms of the disorder that can affect people who experience four or more mood episodes annually or who additionally struggle with drug or alcohol abuse.

The right kind of treatment can really help. In addition to receiving expert medical care, medication, talk therapy, lifestyle changes, and the support of friends and family, you can feel better with a combination of these things. Bipolar disorder, which is often referred to as manic depression, currently has no known treatment. It’s a long-term health problem that needs ongoing management. Many persons with this illness lead successful lives; they have families and successful careersa typical life.

Medication

The main course of treatment is typically medication, which includes the following:

Lithium, valproate, lithium, or lamotrigine (Tegretol, Lamictal) (Depakote)

Olanzapine (Zyprexa), cariprazine (Vraylar), lumateperone (Caplyta), lurasidone (Latuda), and quetiapine are antipsychotic medications (Seroquel)

Drugs that combine an antidepressant and a mood stabiliser, or antidepressant-antipsychotics

• Sedatives like benzodiazepines, which are used as anti-anxiety medications or sleep aids.

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Finding the correct combination for you can take some time. Before you and your doctor decide what works best, you might need to experiment with a few different options. Once you have, it’s critical to continue taking your medication and with your doctor before quitting or making any changes.

• Pregnant or nursing women who are interested in taking drugs should discuss this with their doctors.

• Psychotherapy,

Also frequently suggested is psychotherapy, also known as “talk therapy.” There are many various kinds. There are several possibilities, such as:

 • Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)

. This is predicated on the notion that maintaining a consistent daily schedule might help keep your mood constant, including when it comes to eating and sleeping.

The use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

 This aids you in substituting more constructive behaviours and habits for negative ones. Additionally, it can aid in your ability to control negative triggers like stress.

• Psycho-educational.

You can receive support when episodes occur if you educate yourself on the condition and your family members.

• Family-centered psychotherapy

. With addition to helping your loved ones identify the start of an episode, this creates a support structure to aid in therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy

 is one of the additional bipolar disorder treatment options (ECT). To kind of reboot the brain and alter the chemical equilibrium, little amounts of electricity shock it and cause a brief seizure. Even while it’s still only used as a last resort when all other treatments have failed, including medication and therapy, the risks and adverse effects are significantly lower now than they were in the beginning.

• Acupuncture

. According to some research, this alternative therapy may be effective in treating bipolar depression.

• Supplements

. Even though some people take specific vitamin supplements to aid with bipolar disorder symptoms, doing so has a lot of potential drawbacks. Their substances, for instance, are not subject to regulation, they may cause adverse reactions, and some of them may affectthe action of prescribed drugs.

An approach that combines medication and psychotherapy is the most successful for treating bipolardisorder. The majority of patients combine medications, such as a mood stabiliser and an antipsychotic or an antidepressant. To keep mood problems under control, however, it’s crucial that treatment continue even after you start to feel better. Additionally helpful may be a change in lifestyle:

• Work out frequently.

• Keep your eating and sleeping times consistent.

• Acquire the ability to spot mood changes.

• Ask friends or groups for support.

• Maintain a chart or diary of your symptoms.

• Develop stress management skills.

• Find sports or pastimes that are healthy.

• Avoid consuming alcohol and doing drugs for fun.

Perspectives on bipolar disorder

Having bipolar disorder might make you feel completely alone. This isn’t actually the case, though. At this time, more than 2 million adults in the UnitedStates are coping with bipolar disorder.

It’s crucial to avoid placing the blame for your situation on yourself. There is no personal weakness associated with bipolar disease; it is a physical ailment. It’s comparable to diabetes, heart disease, or any other medical problem. Bipolar disorder is an illness that many people can manage despite the fact that no one is quite sure what causes it.

Focusing on the future is what’s most crucial. It may be difficult to manage bipolardisorder. However, avoid letting it control your life. Instead, take initiative to reclaim control of your health. You can feel better with perseverance and assistance from your medical professionals.

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A good treatment plan can generally help people feel more stable emotionally and reduce their symptoms. People who additionally struggle with substance abuse may require more specialised care.

Continuous treatment is more efficient than addressing issues as they arise.

The more you are able to control your episodes, the more you will understand about your illness. Additionally, support groups, where you may speak with others going through similar experiences as you, might be beneficial.

For them, medical assistance:

• Being alone, discussing suicide, helplessness, or hopelessness, acting recklessly, taking more risks, and getting into more accidents. using drugs or alcohol excessively focusing on the darkand depressing themes

• Speaking about death and dying

• Crying more or becoming less emotional.

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